Jinsi pointi za udhibiti na data ya PPK huathiri usahihi wa kiasi wa muundo wa 3D

Katika majaribio haya mawili, tulianzisha vigeu vinne tofauti ili kuthibitisha usahihi jamaa wa muundo wa 3D. Vigezo vinne tofauti ni:

1: Aina za ndege zisizo na rubani:Drone ya VTOL au drone yenye rota nyingi

2:GSD tofauti

3:Pamoja na/Bila pointi za udhibiti wa ardhini

4:Pamoja na/Bila data ya PPK

Jaribio la 1: athari za pointi za udhibiti wa ardhi (GCPs) kwenye usahihi wa jamaa wa mfano wa 3D;

Hali 1

Ndege isiyo na rubani	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Ndiyo

Matokeo Jedwali 1:

Idadi ya Vitu	urefu wa kipimo (L0)	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L1) bila GCP	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m，Ds2=0.0308m

Hali 2

Ndege isiyo na rubani	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Hapana

Matokeo Jedwali 2:

Idadi ya Vitu	urefu wa kipimo (L0)	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L1) bila GCP	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m，Ds2=0.0328m

Hali ya 3

Ndege isiyo na rubani	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Ndiyo

Matokeo Jedwali 3:

Idadi ya Vitu	urefu wa kipimo (L0)	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L1) bila GCP	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m，Ds2=0.0249m

Hali ya 4

Ndege isiyo na rubani	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Hapana

Matokeo Jedwali 4:

Idadi ya Vitu	urefu wa kipimo (L0)	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L1) bila GCP	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0,000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m，Ds2=0.0259m

Hali ya 5

Ndege isiyo na rubani	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor	DG4pros	1.5cm	Hapana

Matokeo Jedwali 5:

Idadi ya Vitu	urefu wa kipimo (L0)	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L1) bila GCP	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L2) na GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m，Ds2=0.0256m

Hitimisho

Vigezo vya majaribio 1 ni:

1:Pamoja na/Bila data ya PPK.

2:Aina za ndege zisizo na rubani :drone ya VTOL au drone yenye rota nyingi

3:GSD tofauti: 1.5 cm au 2cm

Baada ya uchambuzi wa seti tano za data ya majaribio, tunaweza kufikia hitimisho zifuatazo:

Wakati kamera ya oblique ni DG4Pros:

(1) Ikiwa na/Bila sehemu ya udhibiti wa ardhini (GCP) inayohusika katika utatuzi wa AT, iwe VTOL au ndege isiyo na rubani yenye rota nyingi, iwe GSD ni 2cm au 1.5cm, muundo wa 3D uliojengwa na kamera ya oblique DG4Pros unaweza kukutana na mahitaji ya kosa la usahihi wa kiasi Ds≤10cm.

(2) Wakati na/bila GCP ni kigezo kimoja, usahihi wa jamaa wa muundo wa 3D na GCPs ni bora kuliko ule bila GCP.

(3) Wakati GSD ni kigezo kimoja, usahihi wa jamaa wa muundo wa 3D ambao GSD 1.5cm ni bora kuliko hiyo GSD 2cm.

(4) Wakati drone ya mtoa huduma ni kigezo kimoja, usahihi wa jamaa wa muundo wa 3D ambao kutumia rota nyingi ni bora kuliko ule wa kutumia VTOL kama drone ya kubeba.

Jaribio la 2:Bila GCPs, athari ya data ya PPK kwenye usahihi wa jamaa wa muundo wa 3D

Hali 1

Ndege isiyo na rubani	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	GCPs
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	HAPANA

Matokeo Jedwali 1:

Idadi ya Vitu	urefu wa kipimo (L0)	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L1) bila PPK	Urefu wa muundo wa 3D (L2) na PPK	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
RMSE Ds1=0.0397m，Ds2=0.0342m

Iliyotangulia:Jinsi upotoshaji wa kromatiki na upotoshaji unavyoathiri ima

Inayofuata:Jinsi urefu wa kuzingatia huathiri matokeo ya uundaji wa 3D

Rudi

Kamera za oblique za RIY

Kamera za lenzi moja za RIE

Vifaa

Mtaalamu

Bora kuliko nyepesi

Okoa wakati

Jifunze operesheni ndani ya dakika 10

Ubora wa juu wa picha na usahihi

Mfiduo wa maingiliano

Imara na salama

Inaweza kuunganishwa na aina nyingi za drones

Utafiti/GIS

Smart City

Ujenzi/Madini

Ulinzi wa utalii/majengo ya kale

Jeshi/Polisi

Kifungu

Jaribio la 1: athari za pointi za udhibiti wa ardhi (GCPs) kwenye usahihi wa jamaa wa mfano wa 3D;

Hali 1

Matokeo Jedwali 1:

Hali 2

Matokeo Jedwali 2:

Hali ya 3

Matokeo Jedwali 3:

Hali ya 4

Matokeo Jedwali 4:

Hali ya 5

Matokeo Jedwali 5:

Hitimisho

Jaribio la 2:Bila GCPs, athari ya data ya PPK kwenye usahihi wa jamaa wa muundo wa 3D

Hali 1

Matokeo Jedwali 1:

BIDHAA+

MAOMBI+

Kifungu+

Kuhusu sisi+

WASILIANA NASI